comparative-osteology

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In the forensic context it is quite common for nonhuman bones to be confused with human remains and end up in the medical examiner or coroner system. It is also quite common for skeletal remains (both human and nonhuman) to be discovered in archaeological contexts. While the difference between human and nonhuman bones is often very striking, it can also be quite subtle. Fragmentation only compounds the problem. The ability to differentiate between human and nonhuman bones is dependent on the training of the analyst and the available reference and/or comparative material. Comparative Osteology is a photographic atlas of common North American animal bones designed for use as a laboratory and field guide by the forensic scientist or archaeologist. The intent of the guide is not to be inclusive of all animals, but rather to present some of the most common species which also have the highest likelihood of being potentially confused with human remains. * An affordably priced, compact laboratory/field manual, comparing human and nonhuman bones. * Contains almost 600 high-quality black and white images and diagrams, including inch and centimeter scales with each photograph. * Written by the foremost forensic scientists with decades of experience in the laboratory and as expert witnesses. * An additional Companion Web site hosts images from the volume the reader can magnify and zoom into to see specific landmarks and features on bones http://booksite.academicpress.com/9780123884374

The early history of the Sciuridae is not well known, squirrels being generally poorly represented in the Tertiary fossil record. A nearly complete skeleton, recently discovered in early Oligocene deposits of Wyoming, represents what may be the oldest fossil squirrel known. For the first time, this early squirrel can be compared fully with its extant relatives. The specimen, assigned to Protosciurus jeffersoni, retains the primitive protrogomorphous zygomasseteric structure, as in other known Protosciurus, but the masseteric fossa of the mandible is farther forward than in most nonsciurid protrogomorphs. The auditory region of the skull has derived squirrel characters, but it is in the postcranial skeleton where similarities to extant squirrels are most apparent. Except for minor differences in joint construction, the skeleton is strikingly similar to that of Sciurus niger, the living fox squirrel. It differs from extant ground squirrels in the more gracile proportions of its long bones and asymmetry of foot construction. This early member of the squirrel family was clearly an arboreal squirrel, with morphology, and presumably habits, very similar to those of extant Sciurinae.

Vols. for 1911-13 contain the Proceedings of the Helminothological Society of Washington, ISSN 0018-0120, 1st-15th meeting.

Reports, Documents, and Journals of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.

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